In the classical paradigm used to investigate the mere exposure effect, participants are presented with a series of stimuli at different exposure frequencies within a limited time window. In summary, the mere exposure effect, also called the familiarity principle, suggests that mere exposure to a stimulus increases our liking for it. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that. Which of the following scenarios is the best example of the mere exposure effect. Mere exposure effect by admin the mere exposure effect is a phenomenon where liking of an object or person increases over time, apparently due to exposure to the object or person. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement volume 9, no. Print myers psychology for ap vocabulary all 14 units quizlet. To compare the amount of mere exposure effects between experiment 2 and 3, a twoway mixed factorial anova was conducted on preference scores with experiment experiment 2 versus experiment 3 as a betweenparticipant variable and exposure condition exposed versus novel as a withinparticipant variable. Curious is a neat website where you pay a low monthly subscription to learn about all sort of neat things, ranging from academic topics like psychology to more skilldevelopment topics like art, design, and writing. B a year after beginning her exercise program, georgina wants to expand. Bornstein and others published mere exposure effect find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. B the mereexposure effect occurs when we prefer stimuli we have seen before over novel stimuli, even if.
By opening this packet, you agree to all of the ap programs policies and procedures outlined in the 201112 bulletin for ap students and parents. In social psychology, this effect is sometimes called the familiarity principle. The 425 terms you ought to know for the ap psychology test on may 2nd 1 attribution theory tendency to give explanations for someones beh, often by. Founded in 1900, the college board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Ap psychology essential information waterford union high school.
Ap psychology course and exam description ap central the. In the present study, we studied color effects with a mere exposure design. Social psychology is the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Mirrorimage perceptionsreciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict. Mar 15, 2016 this article on mere exposure is adapted from an online course that i just launched, the science of subliminal influence, available exclusively on. This is to introduce you to several famous psychologist as well as the variety of content we will cover in this course. Zajonc university of michigan the hypothesis is offered that mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus object enhances his attitude toward it. The mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people. Halpern is the mcelwee family professor of psychology and. Boredom as a limiting condition on mere exposure effect, journal of personality and social psychology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The mere exposure effect and the psychology of attraction the reason we find people we see often more attractive is that familiarity creates likability. Since then, this mere exposure effect has become one of the most inspiring and studied phenomena in psychology bornstein, 1989. The mereexposure effect is the formation of a positive affective reaction par to repeated or single.
Psychologists study how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, and actions, and how internal and external environments affect them. Mere exposure effect the phenomenon the repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of. Evidence for this dual process ofrecognition memory should be ap. Board ap psychology course description acorn book units, so are these powerpoints.
However, if people experienced a wider variety of foods over an extended period, they came to enjoy novel foods more and more mere exposure effect. The 425 terms you ought to know for the ap psychology. Pdf on jan 1, 1995, eddie harmonjones and others published the mere exposure effect and emotion. This article investigates two competing explanations of the mere exposure effect the cognitionbased perceptual. Yonelinasseparating conscious and unconscious influences of. The mere exposure effect was chosenbecause the most prominent paradigm that is used to demonstrate the phenomenon the preference test seemedto be especially wellsuited for studying color effects independently of shapebased priming effects.
Whittlesea and price 2001 proposed a straightforward ap. Mere exposure effect to score this point, the student must establish exposure over time and an outcome of increased liking or comfort. Summer assignment 2018 myers psychology for ap by david g. Mere exposure effect definition the mere exposure effect describes the phenomenon that simply encountering a stimulus repeatedly somehow makes one like it more. An analysis of a ton of mere exposure studies showed that repeated exposure tends to be more effective when there is a delay between seeing the word or picture and the ratings of them, which means it helps to give the multiple exposures time to settle in.
After a certain number of exposures we will ignore the message. If the exposures continue, we will get irritated and take revenge by assuming negative responses to the message. The mereexposure effect implies that participants will show a preference for a specific stimulus in their reaction to that stimulus if they are repeatedly exposed to that one stimulus over a short period of time. Embedded throughout the book are a variety of short exercises and activities, which can easily be translated into. The tendency for repeated exposure to a stimulus to be sufficient to enhance an observers liking for it or attitude towards it. Just as myers psychology for ap 2e is color coded to the college board ap psychology course description acorn book units, so are these powerpoints. Barrons ap psychology, 5th edition long branch public schools. The function of our implicit memory is to enable autonomic action on concepts with a great deal of familiarity, usually something we must do frequently, such as the writing, speaking or reading.
Words like becoming and recognize imply exposure over time. The best way for a student to establish context is to explicitly state it e. Ap psychology 2011 scoring guidelines college board. This article on mere exposure is adapted from an online course that i just launched, the science of subliminal influence, available exclusively on. A comment article pdf available in journal of personality and social psychology 92p2 june 1968 with 37 reads how we measure reads. Dagostino gettysburg college a metaanalysis of research on zajoncs 1968 mere exposure effect indicated that stimuli perceived without awareness produce substantially larger exposure effects than do stimuli that are consciously perceived bornstein, 1989a. Mere exposure effect the more one is exposed to something, the more one will come to like it.
A metaanalysis of research on zajoncs 1968 mere exposure effect indicated that stimuli per ceived without awareness produce substantially larger exposure effects than do stimuli that are consciously perceived bornstein, 1989a. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph. The contribution of attention to the mere exposure effect. Mereexposure effectthe tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them. Book description almost a 125 years after the first publication of the principles of psychology, modern research is providing evidence to validate the emotion theories of william james presented in psychology s first textbook. Perhaps the stimulus is a painting on the wall, a melody on a radio, or a face of a person you pass by every daysomehow all these stimuli tend to grow on. However, this finding has not been tested directly in the laboratory. The ap psychology course introduces students to the systematic. Memory enhances the mere exposure effect article pdf available in psychology and marketing 2912 december 2012 with 516 reads how we measure reads. You are to read and study chapter 14 ston social psychology 1 ed. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The mere exposure effect is sensitive to color information.
Mere exposure effect the mere exposure to a stimulus will. The impact of mere exposure effect on visual stimuli. Here is a little experiment demonstrating the mere exposure effect. Mere exposure effect definition psychology glossary. Ap psychology unit 11 assignment social psychology. The mere exposure effect, also called the familiarity principle, suggests that mere exposure to a stimulus increases our liking for it. Mere exposure effect the mere exposure to a stimulus will increase the liking of it. In a moment, you will open the packet that contains your exam materials. Therefore, advertising images with an attractive female model. For example, you are more likely to buy the brand of potato chips you have seen advertised thousands of times than one you have never heard of. The mere exposure effect refers to the wellestablished finding that people evaluate a stimulus more positively after repeated exposure to that stimulus.
Exposure effects on music preference and recognition. Evidence from psychophysiological and individual differences approaches eddie harmonjones university of wisconsinmadison john j. Thought and knowledge, fifth edition is appropriate for use as a textbook in critical thinking courses offered in departments of psychology, philosophy, english, humanities, or as a supplement in any course where critical thinking is emphasized. Additionally, according to the propinquity effect, proximity is also important. The following questionsassignments must be written in your own handwriting and in your own words. In my previous article the psychology of attraction and proximity i explained how people become more attracted to. Prejudice unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members. The mere exposure effect is applicable for both people and objects. Myers the ap psychology college board exam includes a 70minute multiple choice section that accounts for twothirds of the exam grade, and a 50minute free response section made up of two questions that accounts for onethird of the exam grade. Home course description homework projects extra help ap exam friday 322. Enterprising students use this website to learn ap class material, study for class quizzes and tests, and to brush up on course material before the big exam day. Allen university of arizona affective models of the mere exposure effect propose that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the positive affect or reduces the. The earliest known research on the effect was conducted by gustav fechner.
Sales department of psychology, carnegiemellon university zajonc has proposed that repeated mere exposure of a stimulus is a sufficient condition for enhancing the attractiveness of this stimulus. Questions are based on key terminology, scientific methodology, and. We investigated whether a change in stimulus evaluation can occur also when participants are not repeatedly exposed to a stimulus, but are merely instructed that one stimulus will occur. The mereexposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. Myers ap is a trademark registered andor owned by the college board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
May 15, 2017 familiarity increases liking exposure effect is a psychological artifact well known to advertisers. Psychology definition for mere exposure effect in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. Ap psychology unit 11 assignment social psychology big question. It is friday morning, may 25, and you will be taking the ap psychology exam. I wrote this book to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a. The 425 terms you ought to know for the ap psychology test on may 2nd 2. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that the. Which of the following scenarios is the best example of the mereexposure effect. The mere exposure effect refers to peoples tendency to like novel stimuli more if they encounter them repeatedly. Mere exposure effect the more you are exposed to something, the more you will like it persuasive messages can be passed through the central route or the peripheral route central route involves deeply processing the content of the message peripheral route involves other aspects of the message. The mere exposure effect implies that participants will show a preference for a specific stimul.
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. In some cases, there was still an effect of the repeated exposure two weeks later. Attitude and behavior do attitudes tell us about someones behavior. A after tasting a soft drink for the first time, frank immediately decides it is his favorite drink. The 425 terms you ought to know for the ap psychology test on. Start studying ap psychology the mere exposure effect. Advanced placement psychology summer assignment 2012. The leading explanation for these effects is known as the persuasive arguments theory, which states that the persuasive argument or information the majority uses to influence a person must be perceived by the person to be both novel new to the person and valid. Psychologys history and approaches research methods biological bases of behavior. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of mere exposure effect. Social psychology scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another attribution theory tendency to give a causal explanation for someones behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition. Describe processes that contribute to differential treatment of group members.
The textbook is called myers psychology for ap by david myers 1st or 2nd editions. He collected images, counted them, catalogued them, and later used them for an experiment on mere exposure effect. The primary background color of each slide indicates the speci. If you saw an object many times you will think that its more likable than another object you didnt get exposed to that much.
Journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement. If whitewashing is preferred by moviegoers due to the mere exposure. The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, including words, chinese characters, paintings, pictures of faces, geometric figures, and sounds. In two studies, the classical mere exposure effect is replicated in the context of banner advertising. Read unit 14 of the online textbook you can use chapter 18 of the book given to you, but this matches the online book. List 4 different aspects to attractiveness in all of the studies the book describes. Zajonc, attitudinal effects of mere exposure, journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement 9 1968, 1 27.
The multiplechoice section is 1 hour and 10 minutes and contains 100 questions, accounting for twothirds of the final grade. Understanding this process is important because a recent study suggested that the mere exposure effect occurs only for stimuli whose initial pleasantness is moderate delplanque et al. Stimulus recognition and the mere exposure effect robert f. Social psychology studying the way people relate to others. Ap psychology guided reading chapter 16 social psychology. Feb 06, 2015 here is a little experiment demonstrating the mere exposure effect.
Memory enhances the mere exposure effect tom stafford university of shef. The mere exposure effect depends on an odors initial. In the 1990s, cutting began spending time at the fine arts library at cornell, where he studied books about french impressionist paintings. According to psychology the more we get exposed to a stimuli the more we tend to like it. Pdf the mere exposure effect and recognition depend on the. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that the effect is very robust and r the mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things or people that are more familiar to them than others. Mere exposure effect have you ever met someone you didnt like very much at first and then over time, even if you didnt really have personal interactions with the person you started liking them or.
The college board is a notforprofit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Ap psychology 2007 scoring guidelines question 1 continued points 14 must deal with helping friendships develop point 1. Zajoncs 1968, 2001 theory of the mere exposure effect would support this claim, suggesting that individuals continued exposure to a stimulus in this case, white actors would increase their liking of the stimulus in future events i. Misinformation effect states that the questions asked after a person witnesses an event can actually obstruct the persons original memory of the event. Ap psychology directions for administration the ap psychology exam is two hours in length and consists of a multiplechoice section and a freeresponse section. The mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. Roach explains that most people eat only about 30 different foods and that cultural traditions regarding what we eat are passed down from parents to children. The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, including words, chinese characters, paintings. People also tend to pick partners who are similar to themselves in characteristics such as age, race, religion, social class, personality, education, intelligence, and attitude.
This means that the more we are exposed to another person, the more we like him or her. The aim of experiment 1 was to investigate whether the mere exposure effect occurs for the images themselves in advertisements. Affective models of the mere exposure effect propose that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the positive affect or reduces the negative affect toward the stimulus, whereas recent cognitive models propose that affect is not involved in the mere exposure effect. What most affects your first impressions after proximity. The effects of informational influence have been clearly demonstrated in social psychological research. The exposure effect is linked to the disgraced world of subliminal messages and subliminal jan 07, 2014 the as if principle highlights the decades of research, which support the practical implications of this theory such reducing pain levels in patients post surgery, treating phobias or other anxiety disorders, or reducing hostility. Also called the familiarity principle, this psychological tendency causes individuals to prefer an option that they have been exposed to before to an option they have never encountered, even if the exposure to the first option was brief. The mere exposure effect can be useful in marketing, as many forms of advertising can. A similarity b physical arousal c physical attractiveness d selfdisclosure e proximity c16 practice test page 3 ap psychology. Richard wisemans book, the as if principle provides an engaging examination of how the theories of william james are relevant today. The mere exposure effect is well known in social psychology. Y 7, 461472 1971 attitudinal effects of mere exposure.
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